Reagan Domestic Policy and Developments

Colin Nardella Mr. Conroy AP U. S. History Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois to Nelle and John Reagan. Reagan graduated from Eureka College and studied economics and sociology during his four years there. Eureka College, located in Illinois, was founded by abolitionists who belonged to the Christian Church religious movement (Eureka College). Reagan, a member of the Christian Church himself, based many of his political stances on the values he took from his religion and the college he attended. Before entering into politics, Reagan started out as a radio sports announcer and later became a prominent actor and a television host. During Reagan’s acting career, he became president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1947-1952, which was dealing with suspicions of communist infiltration at the time. After his acting career, he hosted the popular television show, General Electric Theater (â€Å"American President Ronald Reagan†). From Reagan’s time in public service, he was able to gain fame in his acting career. Reagan is most known for surviving an assassination that was attempted by John Hinckley, a mentally disturbed young man from Colorado. What’s extremely disturbing was the reasoning behind his assassination. Hinckley attempted to murder the president not for a political agenda or because he was a part of another party, but mainly for the attention of the actress Jodi Foster. On March 30 1981, after being gunned down, Reagan was rushed to the local emergency room, and while facing death Reagan still kept his character and jokingly asked the surgeons in the emergency room if they were republicans. As a result of his recovery from the traumatic event, Reagan not only pulled through quickly, his popularity among the American people highly increased as he returned to work at the White House (â€Å"American President Ronald Reagan†). Yet with the good comes the bad, Reagan’s popularity rate wouldn’t stay high for a long period of time due to the decisions that would have a major negative impact on the nation economically, as well as socially. A few months after coming back to office Reagan, was confronted with a major crisis. In the month of August in 1981, the U. S. ir controllers went on strike because they felt they served a substantial amount to their government. Therefore, they felt they deserved to be on U. S. government pay-roll, even though at the moment, they were on a pay-roll through a different union. One would think that Reagan would see where the air controllers’ frustrations resulted from, and yet instead of coming to agreement Reagan pul led something extremely dramatic. He came to the decision to fire each air controller that went on strike. Reagan then replaced these skilled gentlemen with individuals who were nowhere near qualified and labeled as â€Å"scabs†. As a result of his negative actions, the commercial flight industry would soon face even more hardships (â€Å"American President Ronald Reagan†). This was just the tip of the iceberg that lowered his popularity rate. Reagan continued with actions that just kept disappointing the American people each and every time his actions did not meet his domestic policy goals. What Reagan failed to address, was not the economic issues in the United States, but the fact that his actions were negatively affecting the social issues in the country as well (â€Å"The Reagan Administration†). When it came to the major AIDS crisis in the United States and the controversial drug issue in the United States, Reagan refused to accept that these two topics were deemed to be critical issues among the people. What’s highly disturbing is the fact that while the AIDS epidemic was hitting the country at full force, the United States’ own president was denying the fact that it was an epidemic even with all the facts in front of him (â€Å"American President Ronald Reagan†). President Reagan looked at the AIDS epidemic extremely casually. In fact, he felt that it wasn’t a social issue, but instead more of a â€Å"moral issue†. Reagan believed that while America was on a moral decline, the AIDS virus was spreading like wildfire. In short, he felt the younger generation lacked the morals that would prevent selfish sexual behavior. So when people of the young generation were diagnosed with the horrid virus, the president looked down on them with disdain. As a result of this theory, Reagan lost a lot of support from the young voters. In this case, the president showed his very conservative beliefs, especially his lack of understanding. Reagan’s conservativeness is evident in his dislike of abortion and homosexuality. Reagan used the Moral Majority as a driving force in his administration. The Moral Majority was a new political movement created by Reverend Jerry Falwell, who said, â€Å"Americans are sick and tired of the way the amoral liberals are trying to corrupt our nation,† in 1979. This movement was also against drugs, the coddling of criminals, and communism (The American Nation). Reagan realized that the United States was in an economic crisis, and figured the best way for the United States to save billions, was to cut the funding of several programs. Reagan’s domestic policy placed a heavy emphasis on cutting taxes, balancing the actual US spending budget, and worse, taking support away from social welfare programs that many lower class Americans needed on a daily basis to survive. Although Reagan promised to cut the budget, his presidency resulted in a national debt, mainly from his military and defense spending. President Reagan supported taking away from programs that helped out the minorities of the United States. Even worse, Reagan took away from programs that assisted single mothers and children with no guilt what so ever (â€Å"The Reagan Administration†). During his presidency, he continued to take away from the social programs, in hopes that the US government would be able to save billions. Eventually the United States government minimized welfare program spending by over $20 billion. Reagan also succeeded in slashing taxes to a point where the government was barely collecting any income revenue. Now even though the Americans loved the tax cuts, they failed to realize that tax cuts aren’t always the best solution, especially in an economic crisis. The American people and the Reagan Administration failed to realize that without revenues from taxes, the government was unable to pay for the services it provided. To add fuel to the fire Reagan not only dramatically reduced tax rates, but worse increased total government spending, particularly in the areas of defense. Reagan also reduced federal aid to education, federal contributions to state governments, and placed new restrictions on Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Surprisingly enough, Reagan supported government aid to private schools run by church groups, even with the constitutional principle that separates church and tate (The American Nation). This support showed yet another example of the Moral Majority playing a significant role in Reagan’s domestic policy. Yet unfortunately, the Reagan Administration was unable to control the increasing government spending rate (â€Å"The Reagan Administration†). The United States government was spending billions w ithin their own military, mainly because Reagan believed the U. S. armed forces had been deteriorating and needed to undergo a re-building process, especially with the imminent fear of Soviet attack. As a result of this spending policy, the U. S government increased their military budget by about 35 percent. This military spending budget also included the War on Drugs. In 1987, Reagan signed a drug enforcement bill that granted $1. 7 billion to fight drugs. Furthermore, Reagan increased the space program budget. During his presidency, the manned space shuttle Columbia, which was launched by rocket power, orbited the Earth for several days and was used for the transportation of satellites into space. Another space shuttle called Challenger, which was launched in 1986, is infamously known for its explosion after takeoff, causing the death of all its seven astronauts (The American Nation). The Reagan administration did not have easy terms in office, in regard to the nation’s domestic situation. The administration was forced to deal with a major economic recession, a year after his election. President Reagan believed that his system of â€Å"Reaganomics,† could get his country out of an economic crisis and turn it in to â€Å"booming† economy. Reagan asked Congress to lower taxes by 30 percent, which he reasoned would leave people with more money that they could use to invest. Reagan believed that these investments would stimulate the economy by generating more goods and more jobs (The American Nation). But what Reagan and his administration failed to realize, is that while they did make the American people happy with the tax cuts, they also increased the national debt because their spending did not make up for the loss of profit. Also, the administration didn’t keep in mind the social well-being of some people when they cut spending from multiple welfare programs and educational programs. Reagan showed a greater interest for military programs in his spending then social programs. Also, it is important to note that Reagan nominated the first female justice to the Supreme Court, when he chose Sandra Day O’Connor. The Reagan administration’s accomplishments and mistakes will be permanently remembered in our nation’s history for decades to come; hopefully one generation’s mistakes can help the future generation avoid issues within our economy, and government as a whole. Bibliography â€Å"American President Ronald Reagan (1911–2004). † Millercenter. org. Ed. Lou Cannon. University of Virginia. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. . Carnes, Mark C. , and John A. Garraty. â€Å"Chapter 31. † The American Nation : a History of the United States. 13th ed. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2008. Print. â€Å"Eureka College History. † Eureka. edu. Eureka College, 2007-2009. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"The Reagan Administration. † HowStuffWorks â€Å"Learn How Everything Works! † Discovery Communications. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Ronald Reagan. † Whitehouse. gov. The White House. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. . Reagan Domestic Policy And Developments By: Colin Nardella

Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Sacrificing for the Greater Good

Embryos are essentially microscopic human beings. Regardless of what good they may provide to the field of medicine, the ethical controversies surrounding embryonic stem cell research are profound. Stem cells, the cells used by the human body to replenish damaged tissue, are found in both embryonic and adult form. At the adult level, stem cells can be extracted from bone marrow, but the real ethical debate arises when embryonic stem cells are introduced. â€Å"Pluripotent† embryonic stem cells are among the only type that can form any of over 200 cell types, making it the most useful and versatile.These cells are isolated from the inner cell mass of the embryo when extracted, and subsequently terminates the embryo itself, which is technically manslaughter. However, it must also be noted that embryonic stem cell research can provide effective treatments and even cures for those in need of organ transplants and other irremediable predicaments. Therefore, it is safe to say, from a utilitarian perspective, that the essential â€Å"death† of one embryo can save the lives of many, and with Jeremy Bentham’s phrase â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number†; I believe that embryonic stem cell research is ethical.The real controversy in stem cell research lays in the termination (abortion) of the embryo, which is an entirely independent debate altogether. The embryonic stem cells extracted for research are being derived from embryos that are being aborted regardless (Johansen). Therefore, there is a macrocosmic debate more powerful than the one about stem cell research itself. By harvesting these stem cells from babies predestined to abortion, at least a contribution is being made to society – one that can benefit a multitude of people, perhaps suffering from a multitude of conditions.Even if one wants to debate the ethics of stem cell research, the researchers are being ethically unethical, with regard to the abortions guarantee d to take place. However, those who value human life from the point of conception, particularly those who are religious, oppose embryonic stem cell research, because the extraction of stem cells from this type of an embryo requires its destruction – essentially, a human life killed, which is deemed both morally and religiously indecent (Cowan). But this superficial ideology is flawed in its logical reasoning.If these â€Å"babies† are going to die, whether their stem cells are harvested or not, isn’t making a solid contribution to science and humanity ethical? If the embryo is destroyed, in an equally torturous manner, shouldn’t that sacred human life provide something for mankind as a whole? For example, medical researchers and physician-scientists were able to differentiate stem cells to become heart cells (Mount Sinai School of Medicine). The cells were then analyzed, for the treatment of cardiomyopathy, a condition with heart muscle cell abnormalities .The benefits of this harvesting are unfathomable; scientists will now be able to analyze the root of the disease, its development, and ways to inhibit the disease’s growth and progression. It is then rather evident, that the life of the embryo originally used in the harvesting of the embryonic stem cells for this discovery, is only more sacred, and contributed more to society and humanity, than most human lives do in a lifetime. The Jewish population seems to have a more insightful, yet still opposing take on the issue.Many Rabbis do find it unethical, for the mere reason that it â€Å"cheapens the value of human life† (Eisenberg). This is, however, contradictory of Torah text, which states that the responsible use of technology for the sole purpose of improving human life is not only permitted, but encouraged. It is claimed by the experts in the field that the research on stem cells has great potential to relieve human disease and suffering. If this is the case, then it is not only allowed but it is obligatory to pursue this research.Embryonic stem cells are a source of hope, for patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and hundreds of genetic disorders. With research, medical scientists will be able to make discoveries and understand the origin of diseases, based on the origin of true human life – embryonic stem cells. This opens the door for unbelievable breakthroughs in medical science – even a potential cure for cancer.Stem cell therapy can provide promising treatment for over 100 million patients currently suffering from a disease under research. Some researchers consider this to be â€Å"the greatest potential for the alleviation of human suffering since the advent of antibiotics† (White). The Republican Party in the United States – the â€Å"party of God†, had significant doubt in the ethical veracity of embryonic stem cell research and therefore President George W. Bush vetoed the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 and 2007.However, after taking office, President Obama lifted the ban on March 9, 2009, saying: â€Å"Medical miracles do not happen simply by accident. They result from painstaking and costly research, from years of lonely trial and error, much of which never bears fruit, and from a government willing to support that work. † If the President of the United States of America can see the ethical and moral justness in this all†¦ the greater good, the pros outweighing the cons, the glass half-full, along with most of the American people, is this really an ethical debate?After all, ethics, by definition, is â€Å"a system of moral principles. † Works Cited Cowan, C. A. â€Å"Derivation of Human Stem-Cell Lines from Human Blastocysts. † New England Journal of Medicine (2004): 1355. Eisenberg, Daniel. â€Å"Is the destruction of preexisting pr e-embryos permitted for stem cell research? † 10 November 2001. Aish. com. 22 February 2011 . Johansen, Jay. â€Å"What's wrong with Embryonic Stem Cell Research? † 26 July 2001. Pregnant Pause. 22 February 2011 . Medicine, Mount Sinai School of. â€Å"Stem Cells For First Time Used to Create Abnormal Heart Cells For Study of Cardiomyopathy. † 9 June 2010. HealthNewsDigest. com. 22 February 2011 . White, Deborah. â€Å"Pros ; Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research. † n. d. About. com. 22 February 2011 .

Global studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global studies - Essay Example The situation in Central America including Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador has gotten worse in the past year as more than 45, 000 minors crossed over to the US. These minors were running away from poverty, drug gangs and violence in their home countries. The increase in number of immigrants has resulted to a humanitarian crisis and the president of the US has requested his Congress to set aside $3.7 billion that is aimed at helping these refugees. The UN should take responsibility for these refugees and provide them with housing, processing and other basic needs (Fanon 42). The US government can also chip in since it has shown interest to do so through the proposal that was made by the president. To start with, the UN through the UN Refugee agency that is abbreviate as UNHCR is responsible for providing medical care, food, water , shelter, security and protection to individuals that have been forced to flee from their home countries following violence, poverty and persecution. In instances where it is possible, the UNHCR helps refugees find their way back home with dignity and if they are willing. Where such action is impossible, the organization may resettle the individuals in a third country or undertake local integration (Baker and Tony 197). Since its formation in the 1950s, the UNHCR has been playing an imperative role in resettling refugees and giving them a fresh start in life as well. This explains the main reason why the UN should take full responsibility of the refugees. According to the UNHCR’s mandate, the body is in charge of taking care of refugees. The minors qualify as refugees since they flee their homes following poverty and violence. Governments are required to ensure basic human rights of their denizens and once they have attained the refugee status, this security ceases to exist (DECLARATION, OF.). Since the UN is responsible for the well-being and

The Impact of Lobbying on Standard Setting in Accounting Essay

The Impact of Lobbying on Standard Setting in Accounting - Essay Example The essay "The Impact of Lobbying on Standard Setting in Accounting" discusses and critically evaluates the impact of lobbying on standard setting in accounting. Also, in the evaluation of the impact of lobbying on standard setting in accounting, various examples have been used to support the inferences that have been made. According to Frattini, lobbying on standard setting in accounting ensures that there are assurance and legitimacy among standard setters. The process of standard setting should be characterized by the provision of financial information, which will be acceptable and useful to all parties. Therefore, if a standard setter, especially a government body formulates measurement rules that are designated to support government policies, the integrity and credibility of the standard setter would be threatened, regardless of the fiscal merits of the measurement rules. As lobbyists pressure standard setters over the credibility of standards, the standard setters will seek to formulate accounting standards in an innovative manner. Since the parties that are affected by various accounting standards are diversified and there are no adequate conditions for guaranteeing the legitimacy and credibility of a standard, lobbying on standard setting in accounting becomes necessary. This is because ensuring procedural safeguards and inclusiveness in standard setting may be difficult. Standard setters they develop the best, possible accounting standards to secure acceptance of the standards by stakeholders. The conflict that may exist between the standard setters and stakeholders may be used strategically to influence legitimacy and credibility among accounting standard setters (McKay, 2006, p, 2). Therefore, lobbying on standard setting in accounting ensures that assurance and legitimacy among standard setters is enhanced. Lobbying and Revelation of Informatio n about Future Standards Implementation Lobbying on standard setting in accounting allows all the stakeholders to participate in the process of setting standards, and measures the interest about an issue. For instance, when some stakeholders oppose a particular accounting standard, they raise their concerns by advising the government and other interested parties to influence the amendment or removal of the standard (Godfrey & Chalmers, 2007 and Holgate, 2006). This means that more information about the controversial standard has to be provided by the relevant standard setter. Therefore, lobbying on standard setting in accounting reveals information pertaining to the potential implementation problems and costs of future standards (Frattini, 2007, p, 7). Companies and other stakeholders who will be affected by the accounting standa

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Advance directives - Research Paper Example In essence, nurses are considered the primary care givers. Therefore, there are actively involved in the treatment process of patients. It is important to elucidate the fact that the ever changing dynamics of the healthcare profession as well as the expanding roles of nurses in the delivery of care are some of the factors that contribute to the many challenges of maintaining confidentiality. In definition, confidentiality in healthcare denotes the fact that all information given to any medical practitioner by the patient regarding his or her health ought to be treated with utmost discretion (Dolan and Barrister, 2004). Despite the fact that nurses are allowed to only diverge a patients medical information to third parties only with the consent of the patient, there are cases where the law demands release of such information without the his or her consent. Take for instance a patient refusing to take medicine and his or her medical condition poses a risk to the health of other individ uals. In such a case, a medical fractioned is justified to release the patients medical information to the police and other relevant authorities. Information can also be released to third parties if medical practitioners are required or ordered by a court of law to do so (Dolan and Barrister, 2004). Nurses and other care providers such as physicians are obligated by their professional codes of ethics to maintain confidentiality in regard to any information pertaining to their patients. In order to effectively comprehend legal approaches to confidentiality, it is of significance to posit that the kind of care provided to a patient is dependent on the relationship he or she has with the medical practitioner. Patients divulge all their private information to their healthcare providers with an assumption that the information will not fall into the wrong hands. In a legal perspective, it is the responsibility of medical professionals to

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World war II technology - Essay Example Hence World War II is characterized by the introduction of modern warfare. It was the peak of the activities, such as industrial development and scientific introduction into machine industry and military field that enabled advancements. The build up to the usage of heavy military machinery and technology was in action and practice way earlier than the World War II set into action. For example, the traces can be seen in late 1920s and mid 1930s where the Germans resolved to expand their military strength by enhancing their military, naval, and air force strength. For example, the usage of nuclear technology and nuclear physics enabled the use of atomic bomb which was an unprecedented event and a single bomb resulted in destruction of the entire city. During the war, the capturing of the iron ore rich areas in Norway and Denmark was similar moves, which were based on the concept of capitalizing on the areas of strength and capturing them before the enemy, so that the military needs cou ld be fulfilled in terms of the heavy machinery needs. (Parker 25) It was rightly said by Churchill that never in the history the battle field had so many owed so much to so few. Referring to the outstanding performance of the Great Britain’s air force, the battle of Britain which lasted over 2 months, resulting in destruction of over 700 fighters of British forces and over 1300 of German forces, speaks of the kind of technology that was adopted and introduced at that time. This technology enabled the battle that lasted for over two months to complete and all through the courtesy of science and technology incorporated into military field and defense purposes. Despite the global recession and days of Depression all over, Germany had focused on establishing military strength and large arsenal that would be used in a few years time against the enemy. Hence, technically it would be wrong to say that the technology and advancements crept in only during the course of the Second Wor ld War, rather it was in force and action for number of years. The German military and air force might which was known as Luftwaffe (Pimlott 141) was famous for its smart and timely work and was nicknamed as lightening fast, since it enabled to reach the targets in no time and over powering them. Aircrafts, counter machines and weapons, such as anti air craft missiles, radar systems, interceptors, use of chemical weapons, atomic bombs, all were the gifts of the Second World War. The presence of large amount of arsenal manufacturing industries in different parts of the axis region was focused and motivated by the sole reason of usage on large scale during the Second World War. Use of tanks was exhibited for the first time in the history of battle fields. The tanks were richly supported to allow moving through the canals, and other marshy areas which were not accessible at earlier times, and in absence of such ability the tanks would become a liability. However, this was not the case in this particular war and owing to the advancements in the military and scientific field, tanks had become a very necessary tool to overcome the enemy and thereby each side invested heavy in this domain. V2 and U2 (Bishop ,323) bombers were another feat that were achieved and gifted through the Second World War expedition. While the First World War was more of static in nature, and relied heavily on the naval strength, since Britain being part of the Allies group had strength on naval front, the convention was changed and both the allies and Axis, resorted to new means and tactics, and thereby expanded their strength in ground and air domain, as a result pressing the pedal over inventions and introduction

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Reflected Best Self Exercise - Essay Example I have the ability to adapt to any situation when carrying out any responsibility given to me. In this case, I can work in an environment filled with pressure and be able to deliver without compromising the required standards. Therefore, I am able to remain calm and work situations out while levelheaded instead of becoming a hothead and failing to deliver. This effectively means that I am patient and ready to face the situation despite any inauspicious existing circumstances, which may affect my performance of certain roles and activities. One of my friends supports this view and pointed to me that I â€Å"try to maintain calmness and ask your colleagues to exercise patient regardless of the prevailing situation.† I like understanding other people well, and one of the things that I try to do is to show people compassion. Hence, I like putting myself in another individual’s shoes in order for me to experience their emotions. This way, I will be able to help them since I have ensured that I experienced their emotions, and there is the connection between us, which is the bond that sets the foundation for cooperation. In addition, understanding people well by showing compassion ensures that I am able to influence the choices and decisions that they made. In one situation, my cousin remembers how I influenced her decision to study law by making sure that I listened to her, understood her emotions, and influenced her to making the right decision. In creating relationships with other people, I try to get the sense of the people during our first interaction. In this case, I try to be as candid and open as I can in order to create a feeling of trust, honesty, and good-natured between my acquaintances and me. This way, I am able to cultivate a relationship based on trust, openness, and honesty. In view of this fact, a colleague whom I have developed a deep relationship with while in school, told me that he regarded me as an open and

The Life of Claude Monet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Life of Claude Monet - Essay Example His mother was a musician and singing was part of Monet’s upbringing. His father was a shopkeeper but later was hired by hi half-sister Marie-Jeanne Gaillard’s husband called, Jacques Lecadre. The family had to relocate to Le Havre, on the Seine estuary, where Claude Monet received his primary education in a private school (Monet 2010 p. 1). Monet was an able and renowned artist who has produced masterpieces, nature being the focus of his pieces. It was at Seine estuary that Monet developed his artistic career. His love and perception recorded in his first youthful painting of the harbors, shores and small sailing craft. He learnt to appreciate nature and became sensitive of the weather. His hatred for school started as a young boy instead choosing to spend most of his time drawing images of his teachers in his copybooks. He spent most of his time along cliff and on beaches avoiding going to school. Monet’s love for the sea was immense and he claimed that, "I sho uld like to be always near it or on it, and when I die, to be buried in a buoy" (Monet 2010 p. 3). Most of the traits that made Monet a painter were evident by 1856 at age sixteen. He lacked faith in anything drawn from experience and was not religious. Monet was stimulated by hostility, diversity and lacked need for social approval. Monet was also very persistent in anything that he wanted to pursue. He was a heavy eater, and it was said that he ate food enough for four men. While pursuing his studies at Le Harve school of Arts, Monet started selling charcoal paintings to locals in the area. While studying under Jacques-Francois Ochard for several years, Monet met Eugene Boudin who helped him master oil paints and ‘Plein air’ techniques. After the passing away of his mother in 1857, Monet moved to live with his aunt Marie-Jeanne Lecadre (Artquotes p. 3). His observation of painters copying what famous artists had already done was evident in his tour of Louvre in Paris. As for Monet who travelled with his paints everywhere he went, he sat by the window and painted what was in view. He came closer to other painters during his visit to Paris. He met and befriended Edouard Manet. He went to Algeria and joined the first Regiment of African Light Cavalry in 1861, where he stayed for two years after contracting typhoid. Due to his unfulfilled work at Algeria, Monet agreed to join a university. While studying, he met Charles Gleyre in 1862 and met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frederic Bazille. They shared ideas on rapid and new painting techniques. Monet met Camille Doncieux during this time and in 1867, they had a son. Claude suffered financial difficulties and attempted suicide but Camille supported him and in 1870 they got married (Artquotes p. 6). Monet and Camille decided to leave France when the Franco-Prussian War broke out in July of 1870. They took refuge in England and it was here that Monet studied famous artists like, John Consta ble and Joseph William Turner. Monet then moved to Zaandam after his works were denied exhibition at the Royal Academy. It was until in late 1871 that Monet returned to France settling in Argenteuil near Paris. It was while at Argenteuil that Monet focused on developing his impressionistic style, where he painted the famous impression, sunrise in 1872 which he later named the impressionist movement. Camille was diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1876, and never fully

Cost Concepts and Their Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cost Concepts and Their Application - Essay Example Examples are number of units of output and direct labour hours (Datar, Horngren, & Foster 1999, p. 27 - 58). Costs are classified so that data obtained from them will be useful to management. Costs can be classified (1) by the nature of the cost items, (2) with respect to the accounting period, (3) by their tendency to vary with the level of activity, (4) by their relation to the product (product costing), and (5) for analysis or decision making (Datar, Horngren, & Foster 1999, p. 27 - 58; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 2000). In a manufacturing concern, the two main types of cost items are manufacturing costs or factory costs and commercial expenses. Examples of manufacturing costs include direct material costs, direct labour costs, and factory overheads. Examples of commercial expenses include selling and distribution costs, administration costs, and financial costs. With respect to the accounting period, costs could be capital expenditure or revenue expenditure. Capital expenditure is intended to benefit future periods and classified as an asset. For example, the pur chase of fixed asset is a capital expenditure. Revenue expenditure benefits the current period and is classified as an expense. The distinction between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure is essential for proper matching of costs and revenues to accurately determine periodic profits. By their tendency to vary with the level of activity, costs could be classified as variable costs, fixed costs, semi-fixed costs or step costs, and semi-variable costs. Variable costs are costs that vary directly in proportion to change in activity or volume of a chosen cost object. Fixed costs are costs that do not change with changes in level of activity or output over a certain time period or relevant range. Relevant range is defined as the range of activity over which the amount of fixed expenses and rate of variability remain unchanged. This applies to all expenses, whether they are fixed, variable, or semi-variable. Semi-fixed costs or step costs are costs fixed over a certain range of out put but jump to a new level when the range is exceeded. Semi-variable costs show characteristics of both fixed and variable costs. A minimum of some expenses has to be maintained in order to maintain operational readiness. At this level of maintenance costs are fixed. Beyond this level costs become variable. By their relation to the product (product costing), costs can be divided into direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs are costs that can be easily traced to the cost objects. Indirect costs are costs that cannot be easily traced to the cost objects. For the purpose of analysis and decision making, costs are classified into incremental costs, differential costs, sunk costs, avoidable costs, unavoidable costs, marginal, and opportunity costs. Incremental costs is the difference in totals between two alternatives or the addition cost of making a change, such as increasing the activity level or adding a new product line. Differential costs are costs that change in response to an action. Sunk costs are costs that have been incurred in the past and that cannot be changed. It is therefore irrelevant for decision making. Avoidable costs are costs that may be avoided if an activity is discontinued or if another alternative is adopted. Unavoidable costs are

Stateline Essay Example for Free

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Task Based Approach to Language Learning

Task Based Approach to Language Learning The past decade has witnessed the advent of task-based instructional approaches in different names including problem-based learning, situated learning and case-based learning. Though varied in names, they all seem to have one thing in common; they get learners involved with tasks or problems as contrasted with more traditional topic-centered curriculum approaches. (Merrill, 2007). Proponents of task-based learning believe that learners involved with real-world problems form appropriate schema and mental models as they collaboratively solve problems and reflect on their experience. Task-based instructional approaches have been widely adopted across a wide variety of discipline areas including medical training, social work, design, and language learning. This paper will discuss the implication of the task-based approach to second language learning where the method has been increasingly adopted and tried in many language classrooms across the world in the recent past. In this paper, the impact of task-based language learning will be explored with special regard to adult learners whose distinctive characteristics make task-based approaches more plausible and beneficial. Task-based instruction is a small, yet fast growing, trend in contemporary second language teaching. To give an example, the ERIC database shows over 120 articles on this issue since the beginning of this millennium. In order to discuss task-based learning properly, it is important to understand what the term task means. Task has been defined by various researchers including Nunan (2004) who wrote that a task is a piece of classroom work that involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language (p.9). Earlier than Nunan, Jane Willis (1996) defined task as an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome (p.23). While definitions vary somewhat among scholars, they all emphasize that pedagogical task involves communicative language use where users attention is focused on meaning rather than grammatical form (Nunan, 2006, p.17). Stemming from the constructivist theory of learning, task-based instruction has emerged in response to the limitations of the traditional PPP (presentation, practice and performance) paradigm (Ellis, 2003). While the PPP approach is relatively straightforward and well-structured to be easily understood by both students and beginner teachers, it has also been criticized considerably for the characteristic that it is far too teacher-oriented and over controlled. Furthermore, the trend of globalization has urged educators and governments to improve communicative competence among second language learners, and the PPP approach has not been effective in fulfilling the mission. Short, Harste Burke argued that the behaviorist PPP approach in language instruction has been to set up desired goals independently of the learners or the situation, present language in a structured and linear fashion, then attempt to reinforce the content through non-contextualized practices. As a result, learners end up knowing about the language but not how to use it (as cited in Abdullah, 1998). As an alternative to the PPP paradigm, task-based lesson is designed around authentic and meaningful real-world tasks, which learners are asked to complete collaboratively as they interact among each other making use of all available language resources they own. The approach is based on the fundamental assumption that, as Jeon (2006) noted, language learning is a developmental process promoting communication and social interaction rather than a product acquired by practicing language items, and that learners learn the target language more effectively when they are naturally exposed to meaningful task-based activities.(p.193) Task-based approach is recognized as an effective means of developing students language output and interaction. More student-centered learning environment helps learners exercise greater flexibility in using language, develop linguistic fluency, and allows for meaningful communication. Authentic tasks carefully drawn from real-world situations will keep learners engaged and motivated more easily, which will result in better learning. As Harrington, Oliver and Reeves (2003) have pointed out, more contextualized exercises, as contrasted with academic and decontextualized vacuum, will create a learning environment which will have learners immersed in problem solving within realistic situations. The approach ultimately help teachers bridge the gap between language practically used in real world and unnatural language used within the world of school. In spite of growing evidence of success, task-based instruction shows some limitations as well. One of the most significant and frequently voiced criticisms is that the method is not as effective or appropriate to lower level language learners with limited prior linguistic knowledge as it is to higher level students. Due to the significant amount of cognitive burden it poses on learners, beginning language learners who are asked to complete a challenging task in the target language often find the situation frustrating and, as a result, develop resistance to the learning method. When asked to use all the language they can muster to express themselves, beginning language learners who are unfamiliar with the learning context may not feel comfortable or productive as if they are thrown to a deep sea when they cannot swim (Willis, 1996). In task-based learning classrooms, frustration is not only with learners but with teachers as well. In his survey conducted among English as Second Langu age (ESL) teachers in East Asian countries, Littlewood (2007) found out that key obstacles to adopting task-based instructional approach in their classrooms were; 1) difficulties getting unmotivated students participate in tasks that usually require a higher level of motivation and enthusiasm from learners, and 2) inability to manage classroom as students get easily distracted and become noisy as they engage in group interaction to complete tasks collaboratively. While these difficulties tend to arise more conspicuously in classrooms involving younger students, adult learners may benefit more from task-based instruction. In general, adult learners demonstrate distinctive characteristics that set them apart from younger learners, and some of these learning characteristics make task-based approach more plausible and appropriate for adult learners. Knowles (1990) developed adult learning theory of Andragogy based on the following assumptions: (1) Adults need to know why they need to learn something, (2) Adults need to learn experientially, (3) Adults are life-centered (or task- or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning, (4) Adults become ready to learn when their life situation create a need to learn, (5) Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions, and (6) Adults are motivated to learn by internal factors rather than external ones. According to these assumptions, adult learners are more motivated and more eager to learn than younger learners, have clearer goals and needs than younger learners who often might be learning a language only because it is required, and take control of their own learning. They are also oriented towards problem-solving learning and they learn best when knowledge is presented in real-life context. Obviously, constructivist task-based instructional approach and Andragogy share many aspects in common as they both emphasize ownership of the learning process by learners, experiential learning and a problem-solving approach to learning (Huang, 2002). Therefore, task-based approach can be seen as an ideal match for adult learners who in general are less likely to pose above mentioned concerns voiced by teachers. As compared to traditional pedagogy, task-based instructional method demands increased competencies from teachers who will play a key role in making task-centered language learning successful. As a facilitator, teachers need to infuse the spirit of adventurism in the class to turn students into active learners who are willing to take a risk. It is also important that teachers allow learners time to make gradual adjustment to the unfamiliar learning method, provide necessary encouragement in the process, and build confidence (Curran, Deguent, Lund, Miletto, Straeten, 2000). Effective teachers in the task-based learning environment should also be able to vary the level of tasks to accommodate the needs of beginner or lower level learners in their classrooms. Effective language classroom instruction strategies require more than a simple understanding of the significance of communication skills. To help learners become active communicators, teachers should be able to employ instructional strategies that allow and support sufficient practicing of the language they have learned. Task-based instructional approach creates a learning environment where learners take control of their own learning and freely explore communicative skills focusing on tasks that are drawn from authentic real-world situations. Despite some limitations, task-based approach is still an attractive method in the field of language learning. The approach can be particularly useful in classrooms involving adult learners since their distinctive learning characteristics well match the constructivist elements of the task-based learning. With a wide variety of learning options such as distance learning readily available to todays adult learners, the number of classrooms involvin g adult learners has increased significantly in recent years. Although no single method fits all classrooms and learners in all contexts, task-based approach seems to be a highly viable option especially for adult language learners. Amidst more language classrooms moving away from traditional teacher-centered learning activities to student-centered learning environments, the responsibilities of instructors have become even greater in the instructional design process to devise adequate strategies to guide learners towards successful learning.

Medea :: essays research papers

The two Greek plays, Medea and Antigone both exhibit opening scenes that serve numerous purposes. Such as establishing loyalties, undermining assumptions on the part of the audience, foreshadowing the rest of the play, and outlining all of the issues. Medea and Antigone share many similarities in their openings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both plays begin with providing the audience with the history and the consequences of certain situations that the characters were involved in. It also brings the audience to the present time, in which the play occurs. This enables the audience to have a clear and refreshed image of what aspect of the legend the play emphasizes or if any alterations were made. In Medea, the nurse is the first character who enters the play and reminds the audience of the legend of the Golden Fleece, and the love between Jason and Medea, from beginning to the end. She also brings them to the present state Medea is in, which is of complete despair and depression after Jason remarried. â€Å"And she hates her children now, and feels no joy at seeing them.† (Oates, 292). In Antigone, one of the purposes of the chorus is to provide history to the audience. Although, Sophocles did change the structure a little. The first to enter the play are Antigone and Ismene, who are engaging i n conversation over defying the edict forbidding their brothers burial, which brings the audience to the present time. Shortly after, the chorus enters and recounts the reasons for the battle and death of Polyneices and Eteocles, brothers to Antigone and Ismene. The chorus appears every scene to serve as the voice of the culture, and counsels to the characters. â€Å"†¦Save those two of cruel fate, who, born of one sire and one mother, set against each other their twain conquering spears, and sharers in a common death.† (Oates, 192). While the chorus and the nurse recount the background of the story they simultaneously set the mood of the play. Their speeches are expressed with such deep emotion that the audience can’t help but become involved. The nurse in Medea sets a very tense mood that remains throughout the whole play. â€Å"I fear she may contrive some untoward scheme; for her mood is dangerous nor will she brook her cruel treatment.† (Oates, 292). Another similarity these two plays share is the defiance of the traditional role of women. The Greek culture was set in the role that women should take and it was rarely violated. Medea :: essays research papers The two Greek plays, Medea and Antigone both exhibit opening scenes that serve numerous purposes. Such as establishing loyalties, undermining assumptions on the part of the audience, foreshadowing the rest of the play, and outlining all of the issues. Medea and Antigone share many similarities in their openings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both plays begin with providing the audience with the history and the consequences of certain situations that the characters were involved in. It also brings the audience to the present time, in which the play occurs. This enables the audience to have a clear and refreshed image of what aspect of the legend the play emphasizes or if any alterations were made. In Medea, the nurse is the first character who enters the play and reminds the audience of the legend of the Golden Fleece, and the love between Jason and Medea, from beginning to the end. She also brings them to the present state Medea is in, which is of complete despair and depression after Jason remarried. â€Å"And she hates her children now, and feels no joy at seeing them.† (Oates, 292). In Antigone, one of the purposes of the chorus is to provide history to the audience. Although, Sophocles did change the structure a little. The first to enter the play are Antigone and Ismene, who are engaging i n conversation over defying the edict forbidding their brothers burial, which brings the audience to the present time. Shortly after, the chorus enters and recounts the reasons for the battle and death of Polyneices and Eteocles, brothers to Antigone and Ismene. The chorus appears every scene to serve as the voice of the culture, and counsels to the characters. â€Å"†¦Save those two of cruel fate, who, born of one sire and one mother, set against each other their twain conquering spears, and sharers in a common death.† (Oates, 192). While the chorus and the nurse recount the background of the story they simultaneously set the mood of the play. Their speeches are expressed with such deep emotion that the audience can’t help but become involved. The nurse in Medea sets a very tense mood that remains throughout the whole play. â€Å"I fear she may contrive some untoward scheme; for her mood is dangerous nor will she brook her cruel treatment.† (Oates, 292). Another similarity these two plays share is the defiance of the traditional role of women. The Greek culture was set in the role that women should take and it was rarely violated.

Essay examples --

Organizational changes have a potential failure rate of 70%, although this rate has been consistent for many decades there are many organizational changes that are successfully strategized and implemented (Maurer, 2010). An organizational change is when an organization goes through a renovation of altering business strategies (Organization change) to strengthen and expand their services to meet a demand of the economy (Ackerman, 1997). According to the chapter on Development, Transition, or Transformation: The Question of Change in Organization by Linda Ackerman in the book Organization Development Classics: The Practice and Theory of Change, there are three types of collective changes that are among organizations these changes are developmental change, transitional change, and transformational change (1997). In this paper I will further discuss the changes in details and will counteract the changes discussed by Ackerman through other approaches or reasoning for the changes. First, developmental changes in an organization consist of an improvement of a skill, method, or condition ...

Special Education :: essays research papers

â€Å"Do Special Education Teachers influence a student’s academic success?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have been a Special Education Para-Educator for eleven years now. My decision to do this was based on the needs of my family and kids. When my last child was born, the doctors did not think that he would make it. He had a heart malfunction and was born with RSV and Von Villibrantds disease (which I did not find out until he was three); those factors lead me to want to work with special education kids, knowing that I could make a difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I was twenty –three I went to college to get my science degree, thinking that was all that I would need before I could go for my Bachelor in teaching. I was wrong. I am now going back to school, for my second half of the degree, which is my arts, and then I can go for my BA.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have worked with many teachers in this line of work and have watched how they interact with the kids. I have worked with all kinds of kids with special needs, ranging from reading disabilities to severe mental retardation. Some of the teachers that I have worked with, I have not approved of their tactics on how they handled the kids, but you learn and you adapt. Eventually you will know what is right and what is wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I started working for the school district and really enjoyed working with the kids, but they were only mild special education, kids who had reading problems or language barriers, some with more severe problems. I knew that I wanted something more challenging.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I realize that it will take me a few years since I will only be able to go part time as I will still be working as a Para educator, but that is fine by me. I enjoy being a Para educator and working with the students that I am with. Right now, I work with students that are classified as â€Å"Developmentally Delayed Behavioral Disorder† (DD/BD). These students have severe problems and can be violent when they don’t get their way. You can get hurt on the job, these particular kids will curse at you, spit on you, hit and kick you, and even throw things at you. However, it is worth it when you realize that something that you taught them has clicked in and they are listening to you.

Between A City Life and a Country Life Essay

There are benefits of living a city life and a country life. The country life has better life style because there is less people to deal with. Crime rate is reduce in the country life. You got more things you can do without having people complain. It is peaceful and quiet. The city life advantages is easy way to get to a job. A faster way to get to the supermarket, Restaurant, Movie theater. The disadvantages of city life is that is way to crowded and crime rate is high and too much noise. see more:country living vs city living One of the advantages of the city life it is a moderate city. It has a lot of opportunity for jobs and other places. A good education because it has a lot of schools in the city and you can always know where to find your kid to pick him up. There are more places to shop for groceries in the city. There are more things to do with friends. Another advantages of the city life is lot of places to live in the city. They are more houses for sale and apartments to rent in the city so it will be easy to find a place and more people to help you pay for the rent. More easy access to get money out from ATM machine all over the city. A third advantage is that a lot of places are hiring so it is easy to get a job and when you live in a city you can get to job your faster and you will save gas. The disadvantages of the city life is they are more violence and murder. They are more cops because of the crimes that are committed in the city. Another thing is the pollution in the city because lot of people drive and take the bus and all of the factory and business that release chemicals in the air harming the city. Another disadvantages is the you have to follow house rules and community rules. You have to keep your house and lawn neat all the time. Another disadvantages is that you cant do certain things that you want to do without breaking the rule of the community. The advantages of the country life are that you got a whole land to yourself and you can do anything you want on your property. The crime rate is down and there is less murder. Another advantages for a country life is that you can have bon fire and party without noise complain. You also can do mudding in your house in the country life. Another advantage is for country life that you can have a farm and sell livestock and raise animals without too much people complain. A third advantages is that you can go fishing on your own property and not get into trouble, also you can skin a deer in your own property. The disadvantages of the country life is that you live to far away from the city so you will be wasting more gas to go to stores and other places to get stuff that you need to live. Second you have to deal with the smell of other people animals. Also you may not get cable or internet because some cable company don’t go out to the country side. A third disadvantages is that you have to deal with the hard work that you have to do if you buy any farm. Both life styles have good qualities and bad qualities. I believe that country life is better because the peace and quiet. The country life is a place for people that love to work and love to just have they own land that they can take care. I prefer country life over city life because I like the peace and quiet of the country and not the noisy life style of the city life. The country life style is the better choice for people who like the peace and quiet life style.

The Federal Reserve

The U. S. Federal Reserve System ECO/372 Sundeep Jain The U. S. Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve System was founded by Congress in 1913. It was created to be the central banking system of the U. S. The Federal Reserve is designed as the superior monetary financial system of our country. The role of the Federal Reserve and its influence on the countries’ banking system has increased. The Federal Reserve System of the United States is what makes the financial wheel move. The Federal Reserve System is also known as the Central Bank of the United States.The Great Depression forced an overhaul of the state of the Federal Reserve System at that time. During the depression, many banks closed its doors and aslo many companies failed due to bankruptcy. Consequently, the unemployment rate increased to levels unheard of. The Federal Reserve System monitors and controls the banking system of the United States. One of its major responsibilities of the Reserve System is to maintai n the stability of the financial system and offers financial assistance to the countries’ banking institutions.Another responsibility is to oversee the economic stability of employment within the nations’ interests. Another responsibility of the Federal Reserve System of the United States is to stabilize the price of goods and services. The Federal Reserve System is responsible for overseeing and supervising the financial institutions operating within the United States territorial jurisdiction. In addition, the Federal Reserve System is responsible for conducting research to maintain the current state of economy and help keep it running.While it carries out its responsibilities, the Federal Reserve is independent of the main government body and is not involved with the governments’ day-to- day operations. Members of the board are appointed by the President. Also, any profits the Federal Reserve makes in revenue, are returned to the United States Treasury. The Fe deral Reserve was created to be protected from short-run political and economic pressures. The Reserve System operates on its own revenues and not money appropriated by Congress. The earnings come from interest earned from its portfolio and from money received for services provided to financial institutions.The Federal Reserve System is located in our nations’ capital, Washington D. C. It is the Overruling financial power of the U. S. The FED has the sole power to regulate all related policy. This includes things such as fixed income rates, and then deciding factors of the supply of money. The Federal Reserve System is comprised of twelve Federal Banks scattered throughout the country. Each Bank is given sole power over all commercial banks in its area. These banks oversee that all banks in its district comply with any and all rules and regulations.

Great Gatsby and Socio-Economical World of America Essay

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is not just a novel; rather it is the representation of an era. The story is about the moral decay that arouses in the American society in 1920s. It also shows the picture of the American dream getting corrupted by lust, greed and empty pursuit of pleasure. In other words it was the collision of subcultures. The wealthy and elite class found pleasure by throwing decadent parties and playing wild jazz music. On the other hand, the member of middle class was seduced by the dabbler lifestyle of the rich. Jay Gatsby was somewhat a mysterious one as people knew very little about his personal life. We finally find that Gatsby was involved in criminal activities to win his beloved Daisy’s attention. On the surface, The Great Gatsby is a story of unrequited love. The novel is based on the themes of love, revenge, desire for money and the suicide. But a careful analysis of the novel reveals that its major theme encompasses a much larger, less romantic scope. Through this novel, Fitzgerald has tried to portray a real picture of American society of 1920s. The story is set in the neighborhood of Long Island, New York. In this novel, we also find a reflection of disintegration of American dream which was about moral values and pursuit of success. The idea of American dream emerged in the Colonial period and it was based on the perception that success can be achieved by any individual, no matter what social position he possesses. What matters is his personal skills, hard work and efforts. A prototypical 1920s’ man has been described by the author Roland Marchand in his book in the following words: â€Å"Not only did he flourish in the fast-paced, modern urban milieu of skyscrapers, taxicabs, and pleasure-seeking crowds, but he proclaimed himself an expert on the latest crazes in fashion, contemporary lingo, and popular pastimes. † We find that Marchand’s definition is quite similar to the characters of Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald has presented the era of 1920s as the one in which social and moral values were weak and a moral decay ensued in American society. It was, in fact, an era which was marked by reckless pursuit of pleasure, amoral quest for money and certain lustful desires. The protagonist of this novel, Jay Gatsby is a wealthy, mysterious man residing in a Gothic mansion in West Egg. He is fond of throwing lavish parties every Saturday night. The sole purpose behind these ostentatious parties was the gaudy display of wealth. Most of the people who joined those parties, even didn’t know anything about Gatsby. They just wanted to be the part of such lavish parties so they could enjoy expensive wines and loud jazz music along with delicious foods. It is important to mention here that the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, which banned the sale of alcohol, created a booming underworld designed to satisfy the huge demand for bootleg liquor among rich and poor alike. In that period, people started to make fortunes through the illegal business of liquor. Such a business made people rich overnight and turned them into millionaires. Besides, the World War I ended in 1918, and the young Americans, who had fought in the war, became highly disillusioned as the butcheries and the brutalities which they had witnessed in the war made their ideas about Victorian morality quite vague and blurred. Another aspect of that particular era was the sudden rise of stock market that resulted in the increase in national wealth and thus the phenomenon of materialism emerged. People started spending their newfound money in getting luxuries of life and they felt satiated by the gaudy display of their wealth. The narrator of the novel, Nick Carraway is a young man who has studied in Yale and then moves to New York. He becomes the neighbor of Jay Gatsby, who is famous for his opulent parties and lives in a grand Gothic mansion as described by Nick, â€Å"It was the factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than fifty acres of lawn and garden†. (pg 4) Gradually they became friends and later on, Nick finds out that Gatsby has gathered his wealth through criminal activities. Gatsby tries to become the part of established aristocracy by attaining material wealth including a grand mansion, several servants and many automobiles. But he still wants the reassurance that whether all his efforts of money making have the desired impression or not. As on one occasion, he says to Nick, â€Å"My house looks well, doesn’t it? He demanded. â€Å"See how the whole front of it catches the light. † (pg68). As Scott Donaldson mentions in his article, â€Å"The culture of consumption on exhibit in The Great Gatsby was made possible by the growth of a leisure class in early-twentieth-century America. As the ovel demonstrates, this development subverted the foundations of the Protestant ethic, replacing the values of hard work and thrifty abstinence with a show of luxury and idleness. † It means that the phenomenon of becoming rich overnight and acquiring sudden wealth made the Americans idle and thus the once appreciated values of hard work and self reliance were replaced by the newly emerged trends of leisure and the pursuit of pleasure. This is why, much emphasis has been laid on the corruption of American dream as it was about hard work and personal efforts but it vanished gradually with the newly found wealth. Jay Gatsby madly loves a pretty damsel, Daisy Buchanan who is an East Egger. She is Nick’s cousin too. Here, it is important to keep in mind that the West Egg, where Gatsby and Nick live is a home to newly rich people. On the other hand, East Egg represents the established aristocracy. Gatsby wanted to win Daisy’s love also because she belonged to the established aristocracy and having her at his side would make him acceptable to that particular part of society. As Ray E. Canterbery states in his article, â€Å"Jay Gatsby wants to live with Daisy Buchanan because she is a member of the established American aristocracy of wealth. Gatsby lacks the maturity to realize that Daisy cannot be obtained by money alone and in a vulgar display of conspicuous consumption, he flaunts his nouveau wealth. † While reading the novel, one clearly finds out that the particular era mentioned in the book was marked by boundless greed, self satisfaction, infidelity and selfishness. Daisy’s husband, Tom Buchanan has an affair with a woman named Myrtle, whose husband is very poor and owns a worn out garage. Tom claims that he is in love with Myrtle but it was in fact, anything but love. On one occasion, we see that he treats his mistress very inhumanely as is mentioned in the novel: Some time toward midnight Tom Buchanan and Mrs. Wilson stood face to face discussing, in impassioned voices, whether Mrs. Wilson had any right to mention Daisy’s name. â€Å"Daisy! Daisy! Daisy! † shouted Mrs. Wilson. â€Å"I’ll say it whenever I want to! Daisy! Daisy† â€Å"Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand†. (pg27) As it is mentioned earlier that East and West Egg were different from each other in terms of their habitants, their ways of living. Their architecture and their tastes were also quite different from each other as the East Eggers were more refined and cultured whereas West Egg was the home of somewhat pretentious, gaudy people. Gatsby, himself was fond of throwing lavish parties as described in the book: â€Å"On weekends his (Gatsby’s) Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight. Every Friday crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruitier in New York every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his backdoor in a pyramid of pulp less halves. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold†. (pg29) In order to become acceptable for the East Eggers or the established ones, Gatsby wears flamboyant dresses and has a collection of several big, huge cars. On one occasion, Tom makes fun of Gatsby’s car by calling it a â€Å"Circus Wagon†. But one thing was common among both (West and East Eggers) of them. They were lustful and pretentious. Jay Gatsby was, however, different in a sense that he truly loved Daisy. He waited for her five long years and didn’t forget her for even a single moment. He bought a mansion in West Egg so that Daisy could know about him as his opulent parties bore quite fame. When he met Daisy, he became very happy and contended but he also wanted her to leave Tom Buchanan for good. He waited whole night outside Daisy’s window, just to make sure that Tom wouldn’t hurt her. He loved her so deeply and profoundly that when Daisy mistakenly murdered Myrtle by crushing her under the car, Gatsby was ready to take this as his own mistake. As we see that when Nick inquires Gatsby about this incident he said, â€Å"Well, I tried to swing the wheel—† He broke off, and suddenly I (Nick) guessed the truth. â€Å"Was Daisy driving? † â€Å"Yes,† He said after a moment, â€Å"but of course I’ll say I was. † (pg110) On the other hand, we find that Daisy, despite Gatsby’s love and care, is still confused and double minded. She doesn’t want to leave Tom Buchanan, nor could she live without her new found -once -lost -love. She, before her husband, admits that she doesn’t love him but after sometime, changes her mind. Oh, you want too much! † she cried to Gatsby. â€Å"I love you now isn’t that enough? I can’t help what’s past. † She began to sob helplessly. â€Å"I did love him once but I loved you too. † (pg101) On the same occasion, she said, â€Å"Even alone I can’t say that I never loved Tom,† she admitted in a pitiful voice. â€Å"It wouldn’t be true. † (pg102) Thus it is clear that Daisy is absolutely indecisive as she couldn’t decide that whom she wants to live with. Besides, she cared very little about Gatsby’s feeling and didn’t give him the love he deserved. Daisy’s selfishness is also shown on another occasion when on Gatsby’s arrival, she treats her own daughter Pammy in such a manner that clearly lacks the love and warmth of a mother. As mentioned in the novel, â€Å"The child, relinquished by the nurse, rushed across the room and rooted shyly into her mother’s dress. † This shows that the little girl was reluctant to go to her mother as she was not aware of a mother’s affection. Gatsby had never really known of the existence of Daisy’s child, as Daisy was probably afraid to tell him about her. â€Å"Afterward he kept looking at the child in surprise. Daisy uses the child as a show item: â€Å"I got dressed before luncheon† said the child, turning eagerly towards Daisy. â€Å"That’s because your mother wanted to show you off† replies Daisy. When the child speaks to Daisy, Daisy never answers or replies to her. She always changes the subject as if she doesn’t even notice the child’s presence. For example, when the girl comments Jordan’s dress, Daisy ignores her and asks her what she thinks about her friends: â€Å"Aunt Jordan’s got on a white dress too†, said the child. â€Å"How do you like mother’s friends? † Daisy turned her around so that she faced Gatsby. Do you think they are pretty? † After this brief introduction, Daisy asks the nurse to take the child back. (pg89). This very careless nature of hers became the cause of her lover’s pitiful demise. Both Tom and Daisy were selfish, mean and careless as both of them became the cause of their lovers’ deaths. As mentioned in the novel, â€Å"They were careless people Tom and Daisy. They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (pg139). Interestingly, automobiles also have a significant part in the demise of many of the characters. The 1920s’ American culture was the one in which the phenomena of automobiles emerged. With the arrival of sudden wealth, people started to buy cars as they also became one of the status symbols. An American President said in 1925, â€Å"We will root out poverty and put two cars in every garage. † Jay Gatsby also had five cars, one of which hits Myrtle and results in her unfortunate death. Myrtle’s death then leads to the death of poor Gatsby and her own husband, George. It is what O’Meara calls as a â€Å"death car. † She writes, â€Å"The automobile is a symbol that Fitzgerald uses to accomplish several different ends. † After the death of Gatsby, Nick Carraway goes to Meyer Wolfsheim, the infamous gambler and swindler and tries to find out the actual origin of Gatsby’s wealth. He asks him, â€Å"Did you start him in business? † Wolfsheim replies â€Å"Start him! I made him,† and continues: â€Å"I raised him up out of nothing, right out of the gutter. I saw right away he was a fine appearing gentlemanly young man and when he told me he was at Oggsford, I knew I could use him good. We were so thick like that in everything, he held up two bulbous fingers – â€Å"always together. †(pg132) This conversation reveals that Gatsby was once a poor, unprivileged fellow and despite all his attempts, he couldn’t fit in with the old, established aristocracy. After the sad demise of Jay Gatsby, Nick tried to inform Gatsby’s friends about his death but it was ironic that no close friend or relative came to attend the funeral. The man, who was always surrounded by different people and whose parties’ people desperately wanted to attend, was now all alone. Since he was of no use now, everybody left him and never looked back at the time they had spent with that poor, unlucky chap. At the same occasion, Nick Carraway received a call from one of Gatsby’s friends. It was Mr. Klipspringer. When he told Nick, about himself, Nick felt a bit satisfied and thought that at least there is someone who cares about Gatsby. â€Å"The funeral’s tomorrow,† I (Nick) said. â€Å"Three o’clock, here at the house. I wish you’d tell anybody who’d be interested. † â€Å"Oh, I will,† he broke out hastily†. â€Å"Of course I’m not likely to see anybody, but if I do. His tone made me suspicious. â€Å"Of course you’ll be there yourself. † â€Å"Well, I’ll certainly try. What I called up about was a pair of shoes I left there. I wonder if it’d be too much trouble to have the butler send them on. You see, they are tennis shoes, and I’m sort of helpless without them. My address is care of B. F†. â€Å"I didn’t hear rest of the name, because I hung up the receiver†. (pg130, 131) This reveals that how selfish and mean those people were. They used to gather around Gatsby like the moths around a candle, but when that candle stopped spreading its light, all of them turned away. At funeral procession, Nick Carraway tries to remember the deceased man and thought about his life for a while. This scene is very skillfully portrayed by Fitzgerald in the following words: I tried to think about Gatsby then for a moment, but he was already too far away, and I could only remember, without resentment, that Daisy hadn’t sent a message or a flower. Dimly I heard someone murmur, â€Å"Blessed are the dead that the rain falls on,† and then the owl eyed man said â€Å"Amen to that,† in a brave voice. We straggled down quickly through the rain to the cars. Owl eyes spoke to me by the gate. â€Å"I couldn’t get to the house,† he remarked. â€Å"Neither could anybody else. † â€Å"Go on! † He started. â€Å"Why, my God! They used to go there by the hundreds. † He took off the glasses and wiped them again, outside and in. â€Å"The poor son- of -a -bitch,† he said. (pg135) The story of The Great Gatsby spirals into tragedy as the book progresses with a succession of events love, revenge, murder and then suicide. There is a moral judgment involved in the process of reading such a story. Besides, Fitzgerald’s work can be compared to that of the British author Thomas Hardy as he too dared to examine themes that Victorian society brushed under the carpet namely sexual desire and obsession. Eventually, the materialism, empty pursuit of pleasure, big cars and grand mansions along with the Prohibition movement resulted in the emergence of class struggle among the rich and poor. Both of them started finding means of making money and didn’t pay attention towards the fact that whether those means are justified or not. A new perception emerged, according to which money brings happiness. But this didn’t happen in the case of Gatsby. All of his money, earned through illegal means was fruitless as it couldn’t bring Daisy closer to him. We see that The Great Gatsby is the story of shattered dreams i. e. both American and Gatsby’s dream. In Fitzgerald’s point of view, the American dream was about individualism, discovery and the pursuit of happiness. Whereas, Gatsby’s dream was to get his long lost love back but unfortunately, both the dreams got shattered in the end. We can say that this novel is an account of possibilities that can be generated through wealth and the irresponsibility that can ultimately ruin them. The story gives us a strong lesson that accumulation of wealth doesn’t always mean the attainment of real happiness. Money and riches are necessary to live a good life, but they, of course, don’t guarantee joy and success in life. The picture of American society drawn in The Great Gatsby can be compared to the present day American society. We can see that today’s American society face the similar issues and suffers from the similar ailments e. g. materialism, desire of money and the hollow pursuit of pleasure.

High School vs College Essay

College and high school share the same common goal, which is teaching students to learn; however, in reality there are many differences between college and high school. In fact college and high school are two different experiences in the life of students. For example many students at colleges and University’s live on that campus or establishment, for as people in high school do not. Most students who graduate high school and go off to college choose to be there, students who are enrolled in high school have to be there, if the students in high school didn’t attend they more than likely won’t be attending college. Attendance is one of the biggest changes from making the change from high school to college, in high school kids were penalized for missing/skipping class. However in college the professor wouldn’t care if you came or not. That is a big part in the transition from grade school to the collegiate level. Most teachers in high school assign busy work that doesn’t count on your final grade. For as college you get assignments that really count towards your grade. You will very seldom get assignments that do not count like reading some pages in a text book etc. t is nice and saves a lot of time for your social life. There is also a lot of relearning in college classes, and classes can be much larger than those of high school. High school you will probably get fifteen to twenty students in each of your classes, but far as college it varies in numerous numbers you can get to fifty students in one classroom. Many people may not believe me when I tell them college students are muc h more mature than those of the high school level. People of high school always have a principle, teacher, or substitute in their ear telling them what to do, and what not to do most of the time. College is more of yourself doing what you need to do to succeed that’s why college students are more mature and organized. Not saying that every high school student’s not, but for the majority college students over rule in that area. In college you can make out your own schedule instead of waking up early every morning at 8: am or whatever time your high school classes started. It’s a big difference between high school and college. In high school you are expected to read short assignments that are then discussed, and often re-taught, in class. Far as college you are assigned substantial amounts of reading and writing which may not be directly addressed in a college class. You may study outside class as little as 0 to 2 hours a week in a high school class, and this may be mostly last-minute test preparation. College courses you need to study at least 2 to 3 hours outside of class for each hour in class to be prepared for test quizzes and exams. The transition in high school teachers and professors are also a big difference. Teachers of the high school level present material to help you understand the material in the textbook, Professors may not follow the textbook. Instead, to amplify the text, they may give illustrations, provide background information, or discuss research about the topic you are studying. Or they may expect you to relate the classes to the textbook readings. The changes from high school to college vary in many ways some good, and some bad depending on the student.

Encouragement and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Encouragement and Motivation - Essay Example The types of workers in these organizations may range from highly skilled staff to relatively unskilled staff workers. In order to be successful, the managers need to motivate and encourage their wide array of employees. This paper describes the methods I would use, as a manager, to encourage and motivate the workers. Motivating Staff Motivating staff in order for them to perform at optimum ability is integral to running the workforce. Most people need work in order to make money but, although this proves to be a strong incentive, there are other ways. Employees will gain satisfaction and enjoy their jobs if they are aware that they are achieving results (Williams, 2012). First, a manager will need to recruit suitable employees, and then define their responsibilities and roles clearly before finally enabling them to do their job well. The first way to motivate employees is to celebrate results. The manager should focus on activities that are rewarding on an immediate basis (Williams, 2012). Afterwards, the manager should ensure that even those who were not directly involved in experiencing a project’s success get to hear or witness it. Another way to motivate employees is via the creation of a good work environment, which, in turn aids in getting the work done. Comfortable conditions with common amenities and a few luxuries encourage and motivate employees. Additionally, there should be suitable equipments for the job, which will require regular maintenance maintained to avoid interference and frustrating breakdowns with the job schedule. The manager should also attempt to establish a clear goal, as well as ownership. The staff needs to comprehend and focus their energy towards achieving the goal. All the workers must comprehend the organization’s mission and vision with ideas being encouraged from all staff levels (Williams, 2012). This helps since the staff will care more for the implementation of plans that originated from them. Finally, the ma nager can motivate his workforce by fostering communication, teamwork, and feedback (Williams, 2012). People want to be told that their work as a team member is commendable. The best way for a manager to handle this is by treating all staff as valued team members. To create and maintain teamwork, good communication, should be effected, as well as a clear understanding of the other member’s role, as well as fostering close involvement. Meetings need to be conducted with clear outcomes at the end, with employees motivated by seeing and getting things done (Williams, 2012). Equally, if something is agreed on then not put into action, the employees could be disheartened. Therefore, difficulties or delays need to be fed back to the workforce. Without this feedback, the employees become puzzled and frustrated when promised changes do not come to fruition. Encouraging Staff Appraisals act as the starting blocks for managing a worker’s motivation and performance (Williams, 201 2). Appraisals are of huge importance since they help the staff in understanding their role in the organization, as well as the enhancement of communication between themselves and the manager. The appraisals are aimed at getting an employee’s suggestions or wishes and encouraging them in a suitable direction, while maintaining focus on what is required by the organization. The appraisal needs to come up

Alienation from Species-being Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alienation from Species-being - Term Paper Example He revealed that past human actions resulted in today’s independent and natural society (M Josephson, 1968). He also showed that the human actions are also responsible for shaping tension free future. According to him alienation is not embedded in the religion and minds instead it is embedded in this materialistic world. To him alienation means loss of control especially over labour. Like all other creatures, Humans need to work for their survival in this world. Marx gave us four elements of alienation and species being is one of that. Labour produces poverty for workers but it is miracle for rich people. The capitalism has submerged the ability to work collectively and created the class division. For gaining profit we are deliberately destroying our nature for example the cheapest techniques of production results in acid rain which is harmful for ozone layer. In the same way when capitalist increases his production to gain profit he is unconsciously lowering the rate of profi t for his class. In this race the production is more than demanded and as a result the workers were in loss. The product is owned by capitalist that’s why workers are alienated from the product they manufactured (H Braverman, 1974).

Risk Management In The Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management In The Airline Industry - Essay Example This essay compares two worldwide famous airline corporations such as British Airways and EasyJet. At the end of 2008, the total revenues of British Airways earned were 15,012 million dollars. As opposed to British Airways which is a larger corporation and a major fleet carrier, EasyJet is the largest low fare airline for leisure and business passengers, operating all over Europe. In both airline companies, the element of risk and insurance policies are highly managed. This essay focuses on ways that these companies use to reduce losses and gain certain profits. The main aspects of risk, that are discussed in this comparative essay are: the single loss of aircraft or its part, a collision between two aircraft, terrorist acts, economical crises, pandemics and changes in government regulation or laws. Insurers of the big airline companies, such as British Airways need to plan for such events and to create a special insurance funds. That is why risk managment is highly important issue these days. This essay also contains some tables on fuel pricing and currency rates throughout recent years and a risk management strategy, that provides the airline with protection against sudden increases in oil prices. In conclusion of this comparative essay, British Airways and EasyJet are also analyzed on their complicated strategies to managing changeable currentsy rates and fuel pricing, including the increasing of ticket pricing, foreign exchange conversions and hedging to manage these risks.

Should more information be provided on food labels Essay

Should more information be provided on food labels - Essay Example For example, the nutrition facts that are provided on a breakfast cereal would mostly comprise of minerals and vitamins. However, should this be all it contains or is there a necessity for improving on it? To argue out this effectively, an appropriate stance would be that of affirmative being that much of the products bought need to accurately represent the true nature of their contents. This is because it will effectively enable consumers make informed decisions on the right type of product to buy depending on their nutritional needs.2 The sense in this is that just because a particular food item contains much of vitamins implies that it is the most appropriate as it could contain other contents not revealed. As such, producers need to include other labels on the products. Consequently, this can be possibly enhanced when a consumer is able to eat healthily due to the act of choosing the right type of food even after sampling most of the so as to get the right nutrient content.3 Healthy living can only be enhanced by the adoption of an item whose food label is richly justified; thus, a greater reason why food labels should be enriched with more information. Another factor that would be argued out in this perspective is that a good food label would enhance caution among consumers especially when they note that it contains an additive (allergen) they don’t need (Weirich 2007, 117-121). In this, the producer is obliged to provide all these information and evade liability for harm caused by any of such when used by a consumer. If this information is hid, then the consumer may not make a right choice and end up being harmed by the hidden content that was not revealed in the food label.4 A third factor is that, with more information on food labels, a consumer is able to identify the serving size of the item for consumption, and the number of servings that are contained in the product’s single package. This is essential as it helps consumers determine the

Effect of Hourly Rounding on Clients Satisfaction in a Pediatric Research Paper

Effect of Hourly Rounding on Clients Satisfaction in a Pediatric Facility - Research Paper Example The group of participants will be taken from a specific period of time, which is the month of April, so that the study will cover a specific time to have uniformity in time and place of the study to have unbiased outcome. Research Design: To show the correlation of hourly rounding to patients’ satisfaction, the experimental research design will be used in the study. By using the experimental research design the hypothesis will be tested and the relationship between the independent and dependent variable, the hourly rounding and the satisfaction level of clients respectively, will be duly established. Experimental research design is used in the study for experimental research designs best establishes cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Measures: To have clear and precise answers not deviated from the result intended for the study, a research survey questionnaire will be used in the soliciting definite answers regarding patients’ satisfaction on those who ha ve visited the emergency department during the month of April, 2012. The research survey questionnaire is composed of questions regarding patient satisfaction in 3 aspects during their visit in the emergency department: satisfaction on staff, satisfaction on communication process within the unit and the over-all satisfaction during the visit in the emergency department. ... Procedure: The participant will be chosen using a systematic random sampling method. Participants will be taken from the hospital’s data base choosing from the list of clients seen and experienced service at the emergency room department in a specified period of time, in this study during April 2012. A cover letter will be sent to participants together with the questionnaire explaining them of the purpose and significance of the study in bringing better service to clients by rating their satisfaction during the time of visit. Rest assured of confidentiality that their identity will not be revealed outside the scope of the study. After all questionnaires have been distributed analysis of the answers will be made using the Analysis of variance that will show if there is a direct relationship of hourly rounding in patient satisfaction that will be revealed with a high percentage of a very good scale versus the very poor scale which will reflect client satisfaction. Scope and limi tations of the study The be able to come up with an unbiased outcome, the study will only cover participants that have encountered service during their visit at the emergency department to solicit if whether they have been satisfied with the service they have received only during the month of April to have uniformity in time and place assuring that the study will not be controlled by other outside variables and so to make sure participants are treated under the same conditions to have unbiased outcome. And since the hospital is a pediatric facility clients will mostly be consisted of underage children, in this case the scope will regard relatives and parents of patients as clients as due to legality of the study thus clients under 18 years old will

Let Your Style Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Let Your Style Change - Essay Example It aims at opening the mind of the learner to recognition of the usefulness of what is being mastered. Finally, the learner at ri level no longer perceives the rules as constrictions but as the basis to learning and freedom. The learner acts according to mind or heart desires without overstepping laws. Shu ha ri could be applied in real world. In human resources management, organizational leaders receive training to act as coaches and not as managers, thus resulting in an inclusive leadership style. It has also found application in software development, considered to be more of an art than science, where solutions and requirements involve collaboration among cross-functional teams, resulting in evolutionary development and swift response to changes. For a team of project members new to agile methodologies, the three strategies I would use include teaching, coaching and advising. I will teach them on agile values, practices and principles. Having an understanding of these, coaching would be introduced to help them find different solutions in developing their own solutions. After fully internalizing these values, practices and principles, I would adopt the role of being an advisor to

Develop and document the scope of a project Research Paper

Develop and document the scope of a project - Research Paper Example They are Marketing and Sales departments. The corresponding departments in the sister company also perform the same function and are highly interdependent. These departments are very essential if not the most important departments for both companies in case of undertaking the project of releasing the new product to the market. This is so because of the strategic role the departments play in the successful realization of the project implementation (Dervaes, 1998). This paper tries to give a brief scope of the project with a clear outline of some important issues that concern the project. Some of the issues that are outlined in the scope include, but not limited to: the deliverables in the project, the specific limitations of the project and its scope together with the specific exclusions and assumptions that come with the project while implementing the project. These assumptions are specific to the operations that are undertaken in the distribution chains in Winsome sales department. Some of the specific deliverables that are expected from the project include meeting the sale volumes that have been set by the sales and marketing departments of both companies. The company plans to double the sales volume in the next fiscal year as a result of an introduction of the new product. This could mean that the Sales department would be required to increase their human resource capacity by contracting more staff to help in the achievement of these targets. Alternatively, Winsome manufacturing would procure the services of its sister company. To choose one among these two options, the company will undertake an analysis to find out which of the two options is a better one concerning the financial obligations that each project requires. If procuring the services of the sister company is the cheapest option, there must be specific terms and conditions that should be agreed upon in order to make sure the company will succeed. The factors that affect the project also include it s limitations and challenges. They must be well addressed in order to help the company successfully meet its targets without obligatory affecting other products (Dervaes, 1998). A steep competition from the other firms in the industry must be considered. Elaborate plans to counter their influence must be adhered to in order to achieve the overall objective of the company which is to double its sales volume in the next fiscal year. There are key elements of the products that must also be addressed like the branding which will help market the new product. Its pricing structure must also be addressed well with intense marketing also done. Some of the specific exclusions that must be identified in order to be certain that the venture succeeds include excluding this particular project from the other products that have been manufactured by the company. This product should be given a lot of emphasis with its features and advantages made known to all the customers who would be as well poten tial buyers of the product. Other existing products that the firm is producing in the market should also be excluded in the general analysis of the firm performance (Mathur, 2006). There must also be proper communication channels between the two companies and strategic customers. These means that all the information regarding the product must be made available to sales representatives of both Winsome and the sister company, and they should be able to pass the same